Dementia is a general term for a decline in cognitive function severe enough to interfere with daily life. While most people associate dementia primarily with memory loss, it encompasses a variety of symptoms caused by different underlying conditions. Understanding the various types of dementia can provide insights into diagnosis and management.
Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 60–80 percent of cases. It’s caused by abnormal buildups of proteins in and around brain cells, forming plaques (amyloid) and tangles (tau) that disrupt communication between neurons.
Key symptoms include:
- Short-term memory loss
- Difficulty finding the right words
- Disorientation and confusion
- Mood and behavioral changes over time
Alzheimer’s is progressive, meaning symptoms worsen gradually over time. Early diagnosis is critical, as treatments can help with managing symptoms and boost quality of life, particularly in the earlier stages.
If your senior loved one has been diagnosed with a serious condition and needs help with tasks like meal prep, transportation, bathing, and grooming, reach out to Assisting Hands Home Care, a leading provider of in-home care families can trust. We also offer comprehensive care for seniors with dementia, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s.
Vascular Dementia
Vascular dementia occurs when blood flow to the brain is reduced due to conditions such as strokes or mini-strokes (transient ischemic attacks). This disruption deprives brain cells of oxygen and nutrients, resulting in cognitive decline.
Key symptoms include:
- Impaired judgment and decision-making
- Difficulty concentrating
- Sudden confusion (often following a stroke)
- Slow thought processes or memory concerns
Unlike Alzheimer’s, vascular dementia may have a “step-like” progression, with symptoms worsening after each stroke or vascular event. Prevention is often linked to managing cardiovascular health through diet, exercise, and medications.
Lewy Body Dementia
Lewy body dementia (LBD) is caused by abnormal deposits of a protein called alpha-synuclein in the brain. These deposits, called Lewy bodies, disrupt normal brain function and primarily affect movement, cognition, and mood.
Key symptoms include:
- Visual hallucinations
- Problems with movement, including muscle stiffness and tremors
- Sleep disturbances (acting out dreams)
- Fluctuations in cognitive abilities
LBD shares similarities with both Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, often leading to misdiagnosis. However, its unique combination of symptoms, including vivid hallucinations, can help healthcare professionals identify it.
There are a variety of age-related health conditions that can make it more challenging for seniors to live independently. However, many of the challenges they face can be easier to manage if their families opt for professional elderly home care. Portland families can rely on expertly trained caregivers to keep their loved ones safe and comfortable while aging in place.
Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) primarily affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, which control behavior, personality, language, and decision-making. It’s more common in younger individuals, typically appearing between the ages of 45 and 65.
Key symptoms include:
- Changes in personality and behavior (e.g., apathy, inappropriate social interactions)
- Difficulty with language and finding words
- Compulsive behaviors, such as repetitive movements
- Reduced ability to plan or organize
FTD has several subtypes, including behavioral variant FTD and language-related forms such as primary progressive aphasia. Unlike Alzheimer’s, memory is often preserved in the early stages.
Mixed Dementia
Mixed dementia refers to a combination of two or more types of dementia occurring simultaneously. The most common combination is Alzheimer’s disease with vascular dementia. Because symptoms overlap, diagnosing mixed dementia can be challenging.
Key symptoms include:
- A blend of symptoms that fit multiple dementia types (e.g., memory loss along with difficulty reasoning or sudden confusion)
- Worsening cognitive function over time
Studies suggest mixed dementia is underdiagnosed, since symptoms may align closely with one dominant type. Recognizing mixed causes through imaging and clinical evaluation can aid in tailoring treatment strategies.
Caring for seniors with dementia can be challenging for family caregivers. Luckily, there is dementia care Portland families can rely on. Professional dementia caregivers help seniors with dementia stay safe and comfortable at home by preventing wandering, providing cognitive stimulation, and assisting with household chores. Call Assisting Hands Home Care today to learn about our high-quality in-home care services.